Russian superlative adjectives

There are several ways to form the superlative degree of an adjective in Russian language.

First, students learn the complex form of the superlative degree. In this form, the adjective is used together with the word “самый” in the appropriate gender and number agreement. For example:

Россия – самая большая страна в мире = Russia is the biggest country in the world

Байкал – самое глубокое озеро = Baikal is the deepest lake.

As students advance, they are introduced to the simple forms of superlative adjectives, which are formed by adding the suffixes “-ейш-” and “-айш-“:

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  • чистый → чистейший (= the purest);
  • красивый → красивейший (= the most beautiful);
  • сильный → сильнейший (= the strongest).

For adjectives whose stems end in г, к, or х, the superlative form is formed with the suffix “-айш-“, with the consonants г, к, and х changing to ж, ч, and ш respectively:

  • строгий → строжайший (= the strictest);
  • великий → величайший (= the greatest);
  • тихий → тишайший (= the quietest).

Note that the suffix “-айш-” is always stressed.

To further emphasize the high degree of quality of the subject, the prefix “наи-” can be used with the superlative degree:

  • умный → умнейший → наиумнейший (= the smartest);
  • хороший → лучший → наилучший (= the best);
  • плохой → худший → наихудший (= the worst);
  • высокий → высший → наивысший (= the highest).

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